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Cardiovascular disease

According to the American Heart Association,1 the following screening tests are recommended for optimal cardiovascular health.

Blood Pressure: Blood pressure is one of the most important screenings because high blood pressure usually has no symptoms so it can't be detected without being measured. High blood pressure greatly increases your risk of heart disease and stroke. If your blood pressure is below 120/80 mm Hg, be sure to get it checked at least once every two years, starting at age 20. If your blood pressure is higher, your doctor may want to check it more often. High blood pressure can be controlled through lifestyle changes or medication. After age 65, women have a higher risk of high blood pressure than men, and African-American adults of all ages have a higher-than-average risk.

Fasting Lipoprotein Profile (cholesterol and triglycerides) You should have a fasting lipoprotein profile taken every four to six years, starting at age 20. This is a blood test that measures total cholesterol, LDL (bad) cholesterol, HDL (good) cholesterol and triglycerides. (Learn more about cholesterol and triglyceride levels.) You may need to be tested more frequently if your healthcare provider determines that you're at an increased risk for heart disease or stroke. Older women tend to have higher triglyceride levels than men. Like high blood pressure, often cholesterol and triglycerides can be controlled through lifestyle changes or medication.

Body Weight Starting around 20 years old, your healthcare provider may ask for your waist circumference or use your body weight to calculate your body mass index (BMI) during your routine visit. These measurements may tell you and your physician whether you're at a healthy body weight and composition. About two of every three adults are now overweight or obese. Being obese puts you at higher risk for health problems such as heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, and more.

Blood Glucose High blood glucose levels put you at greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Starting at age 45, you should have your blood glucose level checked at least every three years. If you're overweight AND you have at least one additional cardiovascular risk factor, your doctor may recommend a blood glucose test even if you're not yet 45, or more frequently than every 3 years. Early detection of diabetes can help to prevent many serious medical problems, including heart disease and stroke. Higher than normal blood glucose levels, even without a diabetes diagnosis, can increase your risk of cardiovascular problems.

Physical Activity and Nutrition Being physically active and eating healthy foods, including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, are key factors in promoting good cardiovascular health. Increasing your physical activity by even minutes a day can pay off with big results. If there's room for improvement in your diet and daily physical activity levels, ask your doctor to provide helpful suggestions.

Smoking Smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and is the most important preventable cause of premature death in the United States. If you smoke, tell your doctor at your next healthcare visit.


Why It's Important

The key to preventing cardiovascular disease, also called coronary artery disease (CAD), is managing your risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high total cholesterol or high blood glucose. But how do you know which risk factors you have? The best way to find out is through screening tests during regular doctor visits.2


How To Reduce Risk

Major Risk Factors That Can't Be Changed 3
  • Increasing Age: About 80 percent of people who die of coronary heart disease are 65 or older.
  • Male Sex (gender): Men have a greater risk of heart attack than women do, and they have attacks earlier in life.
  • Heredity (including race): Children of parents with heart disease are more likely to develop it themselves.

Major Risk Factors That Can Be Modified, Treated, or Controlled
  • Tobacco Smoke: Smokers' risk of developing coronary heart disease is 2-4 times that of nonsmokers.
  • High Blood Cholesterol: As LDL rises, so does risk of coronary heart disease.
  • High Blood Pressure: High blood pressure increases the heart's workload, causing the arteries to thicken and become stiffer.
  • Physical Inactivity: An inactive lifestyle is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.
  • Obesity and Overweight: People who have excess body fat—especially at the waist—are more likely to develop heart disease and stroke.
  • Diabetes: Diabetes increases your risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

Other Factors To Consider
  • Stress: Individual response to stress may be a contributing factor.
  • Alcohol: If you drink, limit your alcohol consumption to no more than two drinks per day for men and no more than one drink per day for women. Heavy drinking can increase risk of high blood pressure, obesity, stroke and other diseases.
  • Diet and Nutrition: A healthy diet is one of the best weapons you have to fight cardiovascular disease.


How It's Tracked

  • Screening and Prevalence: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) monitors the use of preventive screening for a variety of cardiovascular disease risk and protective factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, and exercise. The BRFSS also tracks prevalence of coronary artery disease, heart attack, and stroke.
  • Morbidity: The Hospital Inpatient Discharge Data system monitors inpatient hospital discharges, including hospitalization for heart disease and related conditions.
  • Mortality: Death certificates are a fundamental source of demographic, geographic, and cause-of-death information. They make it possible to track every death in the nation due to cardiovascular disease. Deaths are reported as being due to cardiovascular disease when the cardiovascular disease was the underlying cause of death.

Cholesterol - Adults (BRFSS)


Blood Pressure - Adults (BRFSS)


Mortality:

- Coronary Heart Disease: Cause of Death - ICD-10 Codes I20-I25
- Heart Disease: Cause of Death - NCHS 113 Leading Causes: Diseases of heart
- Stroke: Cause of Death - NCHS 50 Leading Causes: Cerebrovascular diseases

Hospitalizations:

Heart Attack: Diagnosis - NCHS 113 Leading Causes: Acute myocardial infarction

Health Knowledge and Awareness - Adults (BRFSS)


Daily Fruit/Vegetable Consumption - Adults (BRFSS)


Overweight/Obese - Adults (BRFSS)


Overweight/Obese - Adolescents (YRBS)


Doctor-diagnosed Conditions - Adults (BRFSS)


Cardiovascular Disease and Pregnancy (PRAMS)


The information provided above is from the Utah Department of Health and Human Services IBIS-PH web site (http://ibis.health.state.gov). The information published on this website may be reproduced without permission. Please use the following citation: " Retrieved Tue, 19 March 2024 0:21:55 from Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Indicator-Based Information System for Public Health Web site: http://ibis.health.state.gov ".

Content updated: Thu, 29 Feb 2024 17:11:39 MST