Complete Health Indicator Report of Asthma Hospitalizations
Definition
Rate: Number of hospitalizations due to asthma (ICD-9 code 493) per 10,000 population.[[br]] Number: Number of hospitalizations due to asthma (ICD-9 code 493).Numerator
Rate/Number: Number of hospitalizations among the Utah population with asthma as the principle diagnosis.Denominator
Rate: Number of Utah residents.[[br]] Number: Not applicable.Why Is This Important?
Asthma can usually be managed in an outpatient setting, reducing the need for inpatient hospitalization. Tracking rates of hospitalization can aid in identifying populations or areas with inadequate access to routine medical care. An asthma attack can result in a hospitalization and can be initiated by a variety of triggers. Some of these include exposures to environmental tobacco smoke, dust mites, cockroach allergen, mold, pets, strenuous physical exercise, and air pollution. Two key air pollutants that can affect asthma are ozone (found in smog) and PM or particulate matter (found in haze, smoke, and dust). The majority of problems associated with asthma, including hospitalization, are preventable if asthma is managed according to established guidelines. Effective management includes control of exposure to factors that trigger exacerbations, adequate pharmacological management, continual monitoring of the disease, and patient education in asthma care.Healthy People Objective RD-2:
Reduce hospitalizations for asthmaU.S. Target: Not applicable, see subobjectives in this category
Other Objectives
Healthy People 2020 subobjectives and targets for RD-2: Reduce hospitalizations for asthma: RD-2.1: Children under age 5 years * '''U.S. Target:''' 18.2 hospitalizations per 10,000 * '''Utah Target:''' 15.4 hospitalizations per 10,000 [[br]] RD-2.2: Children and adults aged 5 to 64 years * '''U.S. Target:''' 8.7 hospitalizations per 10,000 * '''Utah Target:''' 3.7 hospitalizations per 10,000 [[br]] RD-2.3: Adults aged 65 years and older * '''U.S. Target:''' 20.1 hospitalizations per 10,000 * '''Utah Target:''' 6.7 hospitalizations per 10,000How Are We Doing?
Overall, Utah is below the Healthy People 2020 objectives for asthma hospitalizations. In 2014, Utah's overall age-adjusted hospitalization rate was 5.1 visits per 10,000 people. However, there are specific groups with a high number of hospitalizations due to asthma, these include males aged 0-4 (16.9 per 10,000 people) and females aged 65+ (12.0 per 10,000 people).What Is Being Done?
The Utah Asthma Program (UAP) in conjunction with the Utah Asthma Task Force and other partners strive to maximize the reach, impact, efficiency, and sustainability of comprehensive asthma control services through providing a seamless alignment of the full array of services across the public health and health care sectors, so that people with asthma receive all of the services they need. The UAP focuses on three types of strategies to create and support a comprehensive asthma control program, these include: building infrastructure strategies to support leadership, strategic partnerships, strategic communications, surveillance, and evaluation; linking services strategies to expand school- and home-based services; and creating health systems strategies to improve coverage, delivery, quality, and use of clinical services. These strategies are expected to increase asthma control and quality of life, by increasing access to health care and by increasing coordination and coverage for comprehensive asthma control services both in the public health and health care sectors. Specifically, these strategies include identifying people with poorly controlled asthma, linking them to health care providers and NAEPP EPR-3 guidelines-based care, educating them on self-management, providing a supportive school environment, and referring to or providing home trigger reduction services for those who need them. The linkage function has the added benefit of bringing more people who might be high utilizers of emergency room and hospital services into primary care and also providing a resource for primary care providers to refer people for intensive self-management education and trigger reduction services when needed.Available Services
Individual programs in the Bureau of Health Promotion Division of Disease Control and Prevention provide information and education to citizens, physicians, and health care providers on chronic conditions. For instance, users can find helpful information on disease management and prevention at the Utah Department of Health's Asthma Program website: [http://health.utah.gov/asthma/]. A list of Utah Asthma Program services for clinicians, community health workers, and people with asthma can be found here: [http://health.utah.gov/asthma/pdfs/CAC.pdf]Health Program Information
[http://www.health.utah.gov/asthma]Related Indicators
Related Relevant Population Characteristics Indicators:
Related Health Care System Factors Indicators:
Related Risk Factors Indicators:
Graphical Data Views
Hospitalizations due to Asthma by Age Groups: 0-4, 5-64, and 65+, Utah, 2012-2014
| Age Group | Inpatient Hospital Visits per 10,000 Population | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record Count: 28 | ||||||
| 0-4 | 15.8 | 14.9 | 16.7 | |||
| 5-64 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 4.2 | |||
| 65+ | 9.1 | 8.5 | 9.8 | |||
Data Notes
The ICD-9 code used to define asthma is 493.Data Sources
- Utah Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data, Office of Health Care Statistics, Utah Department of Health
- Population Estimates: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2015
Hospitalizations due to Asthma by Sex and Age, Utah, 2010-2014
| Males vs. Females | Age Group | Inpatient Hospital Visits per 10,000 Population | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record Count: 36 | ||||||
| Male | Less Than 1 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 6.5 | ||
| Male | 1-4 Yrs | 23.6 | 22.3 | 24.9 | ||
| Male | 5-9 Yrs | 11.2 | 10.4 | 12.0 | ||
| Male | 10-14 Yrs | 4.2 | 3.7 | 4.7 | ||
| Male | 15-17 Yrs | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.7 | ||
| Male | 18-19 Yrs | 0.6 | 0.4 | 1.1 | ||
| Male | 20-24 Yrs | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.5 | ||
| Male | 25-34 Yrs | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.6 | ||
| Male | 35-44 Yrs | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.9 | ||
| Male | 45-54 Yrs | 2.6 | 2.3 | 3.0 | ||
| Male | 55-64 Yrs | 3.2 | 2.8 | 3.7 | ||
| Male | 65+ Yrs | 6.0 | 5.4 | 6.6 | ||
| Female | Less Than 1 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 2.9 | ||
| Female | 1-4 Yrs | 14.1 | 13.1 | 15.2 | ||
| Female | 5-9 Yrs | 8.5 | 7.8 | 9.3 | ||
| Female | 10-14 Yrs | 3.8 | 3.3 | 4.4 | ||
| Female | 15-17 Yrs | 2.2 | 1.8 | 2.8 | ||
| Female | 18-19 Yrs | 2.1 | 1.5 | 2.8 | ||
| Female | 20-24 Yrs | 1.8 | 1.5 | 2.2 | ||
| Female | 25-34 Yrs | 3.7 | 3.3 | 4.1 | ||
| Female | 35-44 Yrs | 4.6 | 4.1 | 5.0 | ||
| Female | 45-54 Yrs | 6.8 | 6.2 | 7.4 | ||
| Female | 55-64 Yrs | 7.3 | 6.6 | 8.0 | ||
| Female | 65+ Yrs | 12.1 | 11.3 | 12.9 | ||
| Total | Less Than 1 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 4.4 | ||
| Total | 1-4 Yrs | 19.0 | 18.2 | 19.8 | ||
| Total | 5-9 Yrs | 9.9 | 9.4 | 10.5 | ||
| Total | 10-14 Yrs | 4.0 | 3.7 | 4.4 | ||
| Total | 15-17 Yrs | 1.7 | 1.4 | 2.1 | ||
| Total | 18-19 Yrs | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.8 | ||
| Total | 20-24 Yrs | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.8 | ||
| Total | 25-34 Yrs | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.7 | ||
| Total | 35-44 Yrs | 3.1 | 2.8 | 3.3 | ||
| Total | 45-54 Yrs | 4.7 | 4.4 | 5.1 | ||
| Total | 55-64 Yrs | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.7 | ||
| Total | 65+ Yrs | 9.3 | 8.8 | 9.8 | ||
Data Notes
The ICD-9 code used to define asthma is 493.Data Sources
- Utah Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data, Office of Health Care Statistics, Utah Department of Health
- Population Estimates: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2015
Hospitalizations due to Asthma Crude Rates by Year, Utah, 2000-2014
| Year | Crude Rate per 10,000 | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record Count: 15 | ||||||
| 2000 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 6.2 | |||
| 2001 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 6.1 | |||
| 2002 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.5 | |||
| 2003 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 7.0 | |||
| 2004 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 6.6 | |||
| 2005 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 6.6 | |||
| 2006 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.5 | |||
| 2007 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 5.3 | |||
| 2008 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5.7 | |||
| 2009 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.5 | |||
| 2010 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5.6 | |||
| 2011 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 6.0 | |||
| 2012 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.5 | |||
| 2013 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5.6 | |||
| 2014 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.5 | |||
Data Notes
The ICD-9 code used to define asthma is 493.Data Sources
- Utah Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data, Office of Health Care Statistics, Utah Department of Health
- Population Estimates: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2015
Hospitalizations due to Asthma Counts by Year, Utah, 2000-2014
| Year | Number of Hospitalizations | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record Count: 15 | ||||||
| 2000 | 1,313 | |||||
| 2001 | 1,329 | |||||
| 2002 | 1,443 | |||||
| 2003 | 1,577 | |||||
| 2004 | 1,503 | |||||
| 2005 | 1,549 | |||||
| 2006 | 1,323 | |||||
| 2007 | 1,298 | |||||
| 2008 | 1,430 | |||||
| 2009 | 1,682 | |||||
| 2010 | 1,489 | |||||
| 2011 | 1,612 | |||||
| 2012 | 1,771 | |||||
| 2013 | 1,545 | |||||
| 2014 | 1,538 | |||||
Data Notes
The ICD-9 code used to define asthma is 493.Data Source
Utah Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data, Office of Health Care Statistics, Utah Department of HealthAsthma Hospitalization Total Charges by Local Health District, Utah, 2014
| Local Health District | Total Charges | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record Count: 14 | ||||||
| Bear River | $550,358 | |||||
| Central | $603,160 | |||||
| Davis County | $1,761,661 | |||||
| Salt Lake County | $9,778,775 | |||||
| San Juan | $89,210 | |||||
| Southeast | $301,556 | |||||
| Southwest | $1,082,404 | |||||
| Summit | $131,794 | |||||
| Tooele | $777,267 | |||||
| TriCounty | $732,536 | |||||
| Utah County | $2,367,463 | |||||
| Wasatch | $104,465 | |||||
| Weber-Morgan | $1,873,552 | |||||
| State of Utah | $20,154,200 | |||||
Data Notes
The ICD-9 code used to define asthma is 493. Prior to 2015 San Juan County was part of the Southeast Local Health District. In 2015 the San Juan County Local Health District was formed. Data reported are for all years using the current boundaries.Data Source
Utah Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data, Office of Health Care Statistics, Utah Department of HealthAsthma Hospitalization Average Charge per Visit by Local Health District, Utah, 2013-2014
| Local Health District | Average Charge per Visit | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Note | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record Count: 14 | ||||||
| Bear River | $10,334 | $8,509 | $12,159 | |||
| Central | $12,922 | $9,586 | $16,259 | |||
| Davis County | $11,707 | $10,595 | $12,818 | |||
| Salt Lake County | $12,390 | $11,796 | $12,983 | |||
| San Juan | $14,145 | $4,011 | $24,278 | * | ||
| Southeast | $14,533 | $9,594 | $19,472 | |||
| Southwest | $14,075 | $11,742 | $16,408 | |||
| Summit | $11,199 | $7,335 | $15,064 | |||
| Tooele | $15,076 | $12,548 | $17,603 | |||
| TriCounty | $10,410 | $9,010 | $11,809 | |||
| Utah County | $13,383 | $12,190 | $14,576 | |||
| Wasatch | $13,693 | $4,795 | $22,591 | |||
| Weber-Morgan | $14,354 | $11,901 | $16,806 | |||
| State of Utah | $12,673 | $12,228 | $13,119 | |||
Data Notes
The ICD-9 code used to define asthma is 493. [[br]][[br]]*Use caution in interpreting; the estimate has a coefficient of variation > 30% and is therefore deemed unreliable by Utah Department of Health standards. Prior to 2015 San Juan County was part of the Southeast Local Health District. In 2015 the San Juan County Local Health District was formed. Data reported are for all years using the current boundaries.Data Source
Utah Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data, Office of Health Care Statistics, Utah Department of HealthHospitalizations due to Asthma Age-adjusted Rates by Utah Small Area, 2012-2014
{{style color:red NOTE: We are in the process of updating the Utah Small Areas. This graph view depicts the old Small Areas. This graph view will be updated to the new Small Areas soon.}}
| Utah Small Areas | Age-adjusted Rate per 10,000 Population | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Note | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record Count: 64 | ||||||
| Brigham City | 2.6 | 1.6 | 4.2 | Lower than State | ||
| Box Elder Co (Other) | 2.9 | 1.8 | 4.3 | Lower than State | ||
| Logan | 2.7 | 2.0 | 3.6 | Lower than State | ||
| Cache Co (Oth)/Rich Co (All) | 2.7 | 1.9 | 3.8 | Lower than State | ||
| Ben Lomond | 5.6 | 4.6 | 6.9 | |||
| Morgan Co (All)/Weber Co (E) | 2.7 | 1.9 | 3.8 | Lower than State | ||
| Ogden (Downtown) | 5.7 | 4.4 | 7.3 | |||
| South Ogden | 6.4 | 5.0 | 8.2 | |||
| Roy/Hooper | 4.3 | 3.2 | 5.6 | |||
| Riverdale | 5.2 | 3.8 | 7.0 | |||
| Clearfield/Hill AFB | 5.1 | 4.0 | 6.4 | |||
| Layton | 3.9 | 3.1 | 4.8 | Lower than State | ||
| Syracuse/Kaysville | 2.5 | 1.8 | 3.4 | Lower than State | ||
| Farmington/Centerville | 4.5 | 3.3 | 6.0 | |||
| Woods Cross/North Salt Lake | 4.5 | 3.3 | 6.1 | |||
| Bountiful | 4.7 | 3.6 | 5.9 | |||
| SLC (Rose Park) | 11.0 | 8.9 | 13.4 | Higher than State | ||
| SLC (Avenues) | 8.7 | 6.2 | 11.8 | Higher than State | ||
| SLC (Foothill/U of U) | 4.0 | 2.6 | 5.9 | |||
| Magna | 10.5 | 8.1 | 13.4 | Higher than State | ||
| SLC (Glendale) | 10.7 | 8.6 | 13.1 | Higher than State | ||
| West Valley (West) | 9.3 | 8.0 | 10.7 | Higher than State | ||
| West Valley (East) V2 | 11.5 | 9.8 | 13.4 | Higher than State | ||
| SLC (Downtown) | 8.0 | 6.5 | 9.8 | Higher than State | ||
| South Salt Lake | 13.4 | 10.8 | 16.4 | Higher than State | ||
| Millcreek | 5.7 | 4.6 | 7.0 | |||
| Holladay | 5.2 | 4.0 | 6.6 | |||
| Cottonwood | 5.3 | 4.1 | 6.8 | |||
| Kearns V2 | 14.8 | 12.4 | 17.5 | Higher than State | ||
| Taylorsville (E)/Murray (W) | 8.8 | 7.1 | 10.8 | Higher than State | ||
| Taylorsville (West) | 5.7 | 4.4 | 7.4 | |||
| Murray | 11.4 | 9.3 | 13.8 | Higher than State | ||
| Midvale | 12.5 | 10.3 | 15.1 | Higher than State | ||
| West Jordan (NE) V2 | 9.2 | 7.1 | 11.7 | Higher than State | ||
| West Jordan (SE) | 9.2 | 7.2 | 11.5 | Higher than State | ||
| West Jordan (W)/Copperton | 6.6 | 4.6 | 9.2 | |||
| South Jordan | 4.8 | 3.8 | 6.0 | |||
| Sandy (Center) | 7.0 | 5.8 | 8.4 | Higher than State | ||
| Sandy (NE) | 3.6 | 2.3 | 5.4 | Lower than State | ||
| Sandy (SE) | 4.0 | 2.7 | 5.8 | |||
| Riverton/Draper | 6.0 | 5.0 | 7.1 | |||
| Tooele Co | 9.8 | 8.3 | 11.4 | Higher than State | ||
| Lehi/Cedar Valley | 4.3 | 3.4 | 5.5 | |||
| American Fork/Alpine | 2.4 | 1.7 | 3.4 | Lower than State | ||
| Pleasant Grove/Lindon | 3.2 | 2.3 | 4.3 | Lower than State | ||
| Orem (North) | 3.7 | 2.6 | 5.0 | Lower than State | ||
| Orem (West) | 3.5 | 2.3 | 5.1 | Lower than State | ||
| Orem (East) | 3.6 | 2.3 | 5.3 | Lower than State | ||
| Provo (North)/BYU | 3.0 | 2.0 | 4.4 | Lower than State | ||
| Provo (South) | 6.0 | 4.6 | 7.6 | |||
| Springville/Spanish Fork | 3.8 | 3.0 | 4.7 | Lower than State | ||
| Utah Co (South) | 5.2 | 3.8 | 6.9 | |||
| Summit Co | 3.2 | 2.2 | 4.5 | Lower than State | ||
| Wasatch Co | 2.2 | 1.2 | 3.7 | Lower than State | ||
| TriCounty LHD | 8.9 | 7.5 | 10.4 | Higher than State | ||
| Juab/Millard/Sanpete Co | 6.0 | 4.8 | 7.3 | |||
| Sevier/Piute/Wayne Co | 4.4 | 3.0 | 6.2 | |||
| Carbon/Emery Co | 7.6 | 6.0 | 9.6 | Higher than State | ||
| Grand/San Juan Co | 3.6 | 2.3 | 5.3 | Lower than State | ||
| St George | 2.5 | 1.9 | 3.3 | Lower than State | ||
| Washington Co (Other) | 2.5 | 1.9 | 3.2 | Lower than State | ||
| Cedar City | 2.9 | 2.0 | 4.1 | Lower than State | ||
| Southwest LHD (Other) | 4.0 | 2.6 | 5.8 | |||
| State | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.6 | |||
Map of Age-adjusted Asthma Hospitalizations per 10,000 Population by Utah Small Area, 2012-2014
This map was made using a method called "fixed effect test of significance" where classes are based on statistically higher or lower rates than the state rate. Please note that the years aggregated to create the map are different than the years aggregated in the data table. This difference is unlikely to yield different results.
Data Notes
The ICD-9 code used to define asthma is 493. The rates were age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population. More information about the Utah Small Areas can be found at [[br]][https://ibis.health.utah.gov/pdf/resource/SmallAreas.pdf].Data Sources
- Utah Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data, Office of Health Care Statistics, Utah Department of Health
- Population estimates produced by the UDOH Center for Health Data and Informatics. Linear interpolation of U.S. Census Bureau and ESRI ZIP Code data provided annual population estimates for ZIP Code areas by sex and age groups, IBIS Version 2015
Asthma Hospitalizations Age-adjusted Rates by Local Health District, Utah, 2011-2014
| Local Health District | Age-adjusted Rate per 10,000 Population | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Note | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record Count: 26 | ||||||
| Bear River | 2.9 | 2.5 | 3.4 | Lower than State | ||
| Central | 5.7 | 4.9 | 6.6 | Similar to State | ||
| Davis County | 4.2 | 3.8 | 4.6 | Lower than State | ||
| Salt Lake County | 7.6 | 7.4 | 7.9 | Higher than State | ||
| San Juan | 2.6 | 1.4 | 4.3 | Lower than State | ||
| Southeast | 7.0 | 5.8 | 8.4 | Higher than State | ||
| Southwest | 2.7 | 2.4 | 3.1 | Lower than State | ||
| Summit | 3.2 | 2.4 | 4.4 | Lower than State | ||
| Tooele | 9.6 | 8.3 | 11.0 | Higher than State | ||
| TriCounty | 9.2 | 8.0 | 10.5 | Higher than State | ||
| Utah County | 3.7 | 3.4 | 4.0 | Lower than State | ||
| Wasatch | 2.5 | 1.5 | 3.8 | Lower than State | ||
| Weber-Morgan | 5.2 | 4.8 | 5.7 | Similar to State | ||
| State of Utah | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.6 | |||
Map of Asthma Age-adjusted Hospitalization Rates per 10,000 Population by Local Health District, Utah, 2011-2014
This map was made using a method called "fixed effect test of significance" where classes are based on statistically higher or lower rates than the state rate.
Data Notes
The ICD-9 code used to define asthma is 493. Rates were age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population. Prior to 2015 San Juan County was part of the Southeast Local Health District. In 2015 the San Juan County Local Health District was formed. Data reported are for all years using the current boundaries.Data Sources
- Utah Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data, Office of Health Care Statistics, Utah Department of Health
- Population Estimates: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2015
Hospitalizations due to Asthma Age-adjusted Rates by Year, Utah, 2000-2014
| Year | Inpatient Hospital Visits per 10,000 Population | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record Count: 15 | ||||||
| 2000 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 6.4 | |||
| 2001 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 6.4 | |||
| 2002 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.6 | |||
| 2003 | 6.9 | 6.6 | 7.3 | |||
| 2004 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 6.7 | |||
| 2005 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 6.8 | |||
| 2006 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.6 | |||
| 2007 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 5.2 | |||
| 2008 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 5.5 | |||
| 2009 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 6.3 | |||
| 2010 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5.6 | |||
| 2011 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.9 | |||
| 2012 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 6.3 | |||
| 2013 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.5 | |||
| 2014 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 5.4 | |||
Data Notes
The ICD-9 code used to define asthma is 493. Rates were age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.Data Sources
- Utah Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data, Office of Health Care Statistics, Utah Department of Health
- Population Estimates: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2015
References and Community Resources
Utah Asthma Program [http://www.health.utah.gov/asthma][[br]] Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America [http://www.aafa.org][[br]] American Lung Association [http://www.lungusa.org/utah][[br]] [[br]] Asthma and outdoor air pollution:[[br]] [http://www.epa.gov/airnow/asthma-flyer.pdf] Utah Tobacco Control and Prevention Quitting Resources [http://www.tobaccofreeutah.org/quitting_resources.html]More Resources and Links
Evidence-based community health improvement ideas and interventions may be found at the following sites:Additional indicator data by state and county may be found on these Websites:
- CDC Prevention Status Reports for all 50 states
- County Health Rankings
- Kaiser Family Foundation's StateHealthFacts.org
- CDC WONDER DATA2010, the Healthy People 2010 Database.
Medical literature can be queried at the PubMed website.
Page Content Updated On 10/18/2016,
Published on 11/15/2016
